![]() ![]() “The migrants’ objectives are different, which means the policy trade-offs are different, so the resulting policies need to be different.” “Fundamentally, this framework allows us to understand that all migration does not have to be seen as the same phenomenon,” explained Do. The Matrix focuses on two factors: the alignment of migrants' skills and attributes with the needs of destination countries, and the motives driving their movements. The Matrix gives policy makers a powerful tool by integrating many key issues related to migration into a single graph. ![]() To shed light on the decision-making process and policy trade-offs, Do and Özden presented the primary framework featured in the report-the innovative Match and Motive Matrix (Figure 1). At the same time, it distinguishes between the different factors motivating migration in order to better tailor policy responses to distinct types of movement. Both migrants themselves and seasoned researchers in the topic, Do and Özden co-directed the report (along with Xavier Devictor), which starts with the recognition that cross-border movements inherently involve complex policy trade-offs. In a recent Policy Research Talk, World Bank economists Quy-Toan Do and Çağlar Özden delved into the subject of migration, highlighting key findings from World Development Report 2023: Migrants, Refugees, and Societies. World Development Report 2023 and the Match and Motive Matrix With migration expected to increase, effective policy-making is crucial in both origin and destination countries. While destination countries grapple with the trade-offs of hosting migrants, origin countries face challenges such as brain drain and education system costs. While empirical studies show positive impacts of migration on labor markets, business performance, and health outcomes in host countries, public opinion often views immigration with apprehension and fear. The debate over migration policy is often polarized and contentious. These forces are not only pushing more people to relocate for better opportunities but also presenting growing challenges and opportunities for migration policy across various levels of development in the decades to come. This highlights the growing complexity of human mobility, which will increasingly be driven by factors like climate change, conflict, divergent demographic trends, and income inequality. Globally, approximately 184 million people, or 2.3% of the world population, live outside their country of citizenship. ![]()
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